
The 'peacekeeper' cells that could transform transplant medicine
A Nobel-winning discovery is heading from the laboratory to the clinic, with US regulators tipped to approve the first regulatory T cell therapy as early as this year.
For thousands of people who have endured a bone marrow transplant, the relief of beating leukaemia or another blood cancer can be undercut by a brutal complication: graft-versus-host disease, or GvHD. The donor's immune cells, transplanted to rebuild the patient's bone marrow, can turn on their new host — attacking skin, gut, liver and lungs.
Around half of donor stem-cell transplant recipients go on to develop some form of GvHD, according to the UK blood cancer charity Anthony Nolan. For some it is mild and manageable. For others it is life-changing, and sometimes fatal.
Now, Scientific American reports that hope may be on the way. The US Food and Drug Administration could approve the first regulatory T cell therapy as soon as spring 2026 — a treatment designed to prevent GvHD before it begins.
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